开源许可
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开源许可
我看到很多github 上的仓库都会写一些开源许可的内容,我在创建仓库的时候也会出现开源协议选择,我也不太懂啊,就借住gpt做个小结吧
MIT License
MIT License(麻省理工学院许可证)是一种宽松、开放源代码的许可证,它对使用、复制、修改和分发软件提供了极少的限制。该许可证以其简单明了和宽松的条款而闻名,使其成为开源软件项目中最受欢迎的许可证之一。
MIT License 的主要特点
- 自由使用:任何人都可以自由地使用软件,包括用于商业目的。
- 自由复制:允许用户自由地复制和分发软件。
- 自由修改:允许用户修改软件,并且可以选择是否将修改后的版本公开。
- 自由分发:可以分发修改后的版本,前提是保留原始许可证声明和版权声明。
MIT License 模版
MIT License
Copyright (c) [年份] [作者]
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
Artistic License
Artistic License 是一种更复杂的开源许可证,最初由 Perl 编程语言的创建者 Larry Wall 编写。它允许用户自由使用、修改和分发代码,但有一些限制和条件,特别是在分发修改后的版本时。
- 自由度:高,但比 MIT 略有更多限制。
- 要求:
- 修改后的代码必须在名称上有所区分(例如,不能与原始软件相同)。
- 如果分发修改后的代码,必须提供完整的原始代码,或者确保修改内容明确可见。
- 使用场景:常用于需要维护软件完整性和识别修改的项目,例如 Perl。
Artistic License 模版
The Artistic License 2.0
Preamble
This license establishes the terms under which a given free software Package may be copied, modified, distributed, and/or redistributed. The intent is that the Package may be freely copied, modified, distributed, and redistributed, but only under the terms and conditions set out in this License.
1. Definitions
1.1 "Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files created through textual modification.
1.2 "Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes of the Copyright Holder.
1.3 "Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting, or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the files of which the Package consists.
1.4 "Distributor Fee" is any fee that you charge for providing a copy of this Package to another party. It does not include fees for other goods or services.
1.5 "Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item. It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it under the same conditions they received it.
2. Copying, Modification, and Distribution
2.1 You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
2.2 You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package modified in such a way shall still be considered the Standard Version.
2.3 You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided that you insert a prominent notice in each changed file stating how and when you changed that file, and provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
a) place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them Freely Available, such as by posting said modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on a major archive site such as ftp.gnu.org, or by allowing the Copyright Holder to include your modifications in the Standard Version of the Package.
b) use the modified Package only within your corporation or organization.
c) rename any non-standard executables so the names do not conflict with standard executables, which must also be provided, and provide a separate manual page for each non-standard executable that clearly documents how it differs from the Standard Version.
d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
2.4 You may distribute the programs of this Package in object code or executable form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:
a) distribute a Standard Version of the executables and library files, together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent) on where to get the Standard Version.
b) accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of the Package with your modifications.
c) accompany any non-standard executables with their corresponding Standard Version executables, giving the non-standard executables non-standard names, and clearly documenting the differences in manual pages (or equivalent), together with instructions on where to get the Standard Version.
d) make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.
2.5 You may charge a Distributor Fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2.6 The scripts and library files supplied as input to or produced as output from the programs of this Package do not automatically fall under the copyright of this Package, but belong to whomever generated them, and may be sold commercially and may be aggregated with this Package.
2.7 C or Perl subroutines supplied by you and linked into this Package shall not be considered part of this Package.
3. Aggregation with Independent Works
3.1 A Distributor may aggregate the Package with other works that are not based on the Package, and distribute the resulting aggregation, provided that no compensation is paid for the Package. Such a distribution does not require permission from the Copyright Holder. Use, reproduction, and distribution of the Package in any form that does not comply with all the terms of this License is expressly prohibited.
4. License Fees
4.1 The Copyright Holder may charge a fee for this Package.
5. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
5.1 THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Apache License 2.0
Apache License 2.0 简要说明:
- 自由度:高,允许自由使用、修改和分发。
- 要求:
- 必须保留原始版权声明和许可证声明。
- 需要说明任何修改。
- 提供对专利权的保护。
- 兼容性:与许多其他开源许可证兼容。
Apache License 2.0 模版
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Definitions.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
"You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
a. You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
b. You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
c. You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
d. If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions
总结
一些常见的开源协议
许可证 | 自由度 | 主要要求 | 适用场景 |
---|---|---|---|
MIT License | 非常高 | 保留版权声明和许可证声明 | 广泛应用,商业友好 |
GPL License | 低 | 衍生作品必须开源,保留版权声明和许可证声明 | 确保所有衍生作品开源的项目 |
Apache License 2.0 | 高 | 保留版权声明和许可证声明,说明修改,专利保护 | 需要专利保护和宽松分发的项目 |
BSD License | 非常高 | 保留版权声明和许可证声明 | 商业友好,最大自由度 |
MPL 2.0 | 中等 | 修改文件必须开源,允许与非开源代码混合使用 | 需要部分文件开源的项目 |
LGPL | 较高 | 修改后的 LGPL 代码必须开源,允许与非开源软件链接 | 需要部分开源但允许商用闭源软件使用的项目 |
CC Licenses | 取决于变体 | 取决于具体变体,可以包括署名、非商业、禁止演绎等条件 | 文档、艺术作品、媒体内容等非软件领域 |
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未完待续…